Apps and Web Clips (shortcut icons) cannot be deleted from the Home Screen of an iPhone/iPad
The following two profile restriction items prevent icons from being deleted from the Home Screen.
Profile > Restrictions > Allow deleting apps (supervised only)
Profile > Restrictions > Allow deleting system apps (supervised only, iOS 11.0+)
Also, if a Home Screen Layout payload is configured, all icons (apps/Web Clips) on the Home Screen cannot be moved or deleted, regardless of the items above.
For details about Home Screen Layout, see here.
Last updated: March 2, 2022